Fig. 3From: Using Flame-Assisted Printing to Fabricate Large Nanostructured Oxide Thin Film for Electrochromic ApplicationsMorphology characterization of the bismuth-oxide thin films. SEM images (a, b) of bismuth-oxide thin film on the FTO substrates from 5 mM solution. SEM images (c, d) of the bismuth-oxide thin film from 1 mM solution with heat treatment at 550 °C. And e roughness profile of bismuth-oxide thin film from 5 mM solutionBack to article page