Fig. 5
Reproduced with permission from Tombros et al., Nature 448, 571 (2007). Copyright 2007 Nature Publishing Group [74]. e–h Reproduced with permission from Avser et al., Nat. Phys. 13, 888 (2017). Copyright 2017 Nature Publishing Group [84]
Spin transport in lateral spin valves. a Nonlocal spin transport measurement geometries. A current is injected from electrode 3 through the Al2O3 barrier into graphene and is extracted at contact 4. b Scanning electron micrograph of a four-terminal spin valve with single-layer graphene as spin transport channels and Co as four ferromagnetic electrodes. c Nonlocal spin valve signal at 4.2 K. The magnetic configurations of the electrodes are illustrated for both sweep directions. d Hanle spin precession in the nonlocal geometry, measured as a function of the perpendicular magnetic field Bz for parallel configurations. e Schematics of a black phosphorus spin valve. The inset shows the schematics of the heterostructure. f Optical image of the device. g Nonlocal spin valve signal as a function of the in-plane magnetic field. The relative magnetization of the injector and detector electrodes are illustrated by vertical arrows, and the horizontal arrows represent the sweeping directions of the magnetic field. h Hanle spin precession in the nonlocal geometry, measured as a function of the perpendicular magnetic field Bz for parallel and antiparallel configurations. The inset shows the spin precession under the applied magnetic field. a–d