New Immunosensing-Fluorescence Detection of Tumor Marker Cytokeratin-19 Fragment (CYFRA 21-1) Via Carbon Quantum Dots/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite

Table 4 Comparative results obtained by the suggested Immobilized CQDs/ZnO-BM 19.21 fluorescence immunosensing system and published method [6]

Initial CYFRA 21-1 conc. ng mL⁻¹	Added CYFRA 21-1, ng mL⁻¹	Immobilized CQDs/ZnO-BM 19.21 fluorescence immunosensing system		Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay⁶		t-test (2.228)**	F-test (5.05)**
Initial CYFRA 21-1 conc. ng mL⁻¹		Found, ng mL⁻¹	% recovery, ± %RSD*	Found, ng mL⁻¹	% recovery, ± %RSD	t test	F test
0.4	0.5	0.89	98.8 ± 1.4	0.88	97.8 ± 1.6	1.157	1.31
	1.0	1.35	98.4 ± 1.2	1.36	97.1 ± 1.4	1.664	4.00
	2.0	2.38	99.2 ± 0.7	2.36	98.3 ± 0.9	1.800	1.65
1.2	0.5	1.69	99.4 ± 1.2	1.67	98.2 ± 1.5	1.534	1.56
	1.0	2.19	99.5 ± 0.7	2.20	100.0 ± 0.4	1.509	3.06
	2.0	3.13	97.8 ± 1.2	3.14	98.1 ± 1.1	0.456	1.19
2.3	0.5	2.75	98.2 ± 0.8	2.73	97.5 ± 0.6	1.716	1.78
	1.0	3.27	99.1 ± 1.1	3.25	98.5 ± 0.9	1.044	1.49
	2.0	4.29	99.7 ± 0.2	4.28	99.5 ± 0.3	1.387	2.25
0.8	0.5	1.29	99.2 ± 0.6	1.28	98.5 ± 0.9	1.618	2.00
0.8	1.02.0	1.762.79	97.8 ± 1.499.6 ± 0.7	1.732.75	96.1 ± 1.698.2 ± 1.5	1.9662.086	1.314.59
2.0	0.5	2.46	98.4 ± 0.6	2.48	99.2 ± 0.8	2.000	1.78
	1.0	2.99	99.7 ± 0.3	2.98	99.3 ± 0.5	1.715	2.78
	2.0	3.98	99.5 ± 0.7	3.97	99.2 ± 0.4	0.905	3.06
2.1	0.5	2.58	99.2 ± 0.5	2.57	98.8 ± 0.8	1.037	2.56
	1.0	3.09	99.7 ± 0.6	3.07	99.0 ± 0.7	1.898	1.36
	2.0	4.00	97.6 ± 1.2	3.99	97.3 ± 1.7	0.354	2.01
0.7	0.5	1.18	98.3 ± 0.5	1.17	97.5 ± 0.8	2.073	2.56
	1.0	1.67	98.2 ± 0.8	1.68	99.4 ± 1.2	2.060	2.25
	2.0	2.65	98.1 ± 1.1	2.66	98.5 ± 0.9	0.687	1.49
0.5	0.5	1.00	100.0 ± 0.7	0.99	99.0 ± 0.9	2.127	1.65
	1.0	1.45	96.7 ± 1.3	1.47	98.0 ± 1.4	1.670	1.16
	2.0	2.49	99.6 ± 0.4	2.47	98.8 ± 0.8	2.181	4.00