Table 4 Typical NPs platforms used in cryosurgery
From: Nanoparticles: A New Approach to Upgrade Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
NPs | Size (nm) | Thermal conductivity (W/m K) | Heat capacity (J/m3 K) | Benefits | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCM NPs | 10–20 | 0.35 | 2.56 × 106 | Health tissue protection | [76] |
Fe3O4 NPs | 8–14 | 7.1 | 3.2 × 106 | More intracellular ice formation High thermal conductivity | [77] |
Au NPs | 3 | 297.7 | 2.2 × 106 | Good biological compatibility High thermal conductivity | [78] |
HCPN-CG NPs | 103.9 ± 1.5 | None | None | Cold-responsive nanoparticle for controlled drug release NIR-induced photothermal effect | [79] |
MgO NPs | 50 | 34.3 | 3.2 × 106 | Nontoxic, biodegradable, and few side-effects | [74] |