Table 1 Selected recent biosensor studies based on nanomaterials including ZnO nanostructures
From: An Overview on Recent Progress of Metal Oxide/Graphene/CNTs-Based Nanobiosensors
Nanomaterials and morphology | Types of biosensors | LOD | Sensitivity | Linear detection range | Analyte detected | Applications | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZnO nanoflower | Optical fluorescence | 2.76 µg | 1.388 mg/ml | - | Amyloids | Neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer, diabetes) | Akhtar et al. [57] |
CuO-modified ZnO nanorods (NRs) | Electrochemical Amperometric | 0.40 μM | 2961.7μA mM−1 cm−2 | 0.001–8.45 mM | Glucose | Diabetes | Ahmad et al. [62] |
ZnO NRs | Electrochemical-Potentiometric | NR | 164.4 mV/decades | 1 µM–10 mM | Glucose | Diabetes | Wahab et al. [63] |
ZnO NRs | FET | 1 µM | 1.6 mA/(µM-cm2) | - | Glucose | Diabetes | Zong et al. [54] |
Cu-doped ZnO NPs | Electrochemical Impedimetric | 10−9 M | 0.06 µF | 10−9 M-10−5 M | Glucose | Diabetes | Mahmoud et al. [64] |
ZnO/CuO/Co3O4 NPs | Electrochemical | 9.7 ± 0.5 pM | 36.98 μA μM−1 cm−2 | 0.05 nM–0.05 mM | Melamine | Food safety | Alam et al. [65] |
ZnO Nanotube | Optical-Fluorescence | 70 μM | 3.5%·mM−1 | 0.1–15 mM | Glucose | Diabetes | Mai et al. [66] |
ZnO nanosheets | FET | 210 nM | 0.27 mA/M/cm2 | 10 nM–1 mM | Formaldehyde | Life protection | Kim et al. [67] |
CNT-embedded ZnO nanofiber | Electrochemical | 5.368 zM | 21.61 (KΩ μg−1 mL−1) cm−2 | 10 zM–1 µM | Atrazine | Environmental protection | Supraja et al. [68] |
ZnO NWs/Graphene nanoplates | Electrochemical | 0.003 mg/dL | – | 0.003–30,000 mg/dL | Glucose | Diabetes | Rafiee et al. [61] |
Flower-like ZnO nanosheets/Graphene | Electrochemical | 0.0093 μM, | – | 0.02–216 μM | Epinephrine | Clinical applications | Zhu et al. [69] |
ZnO NRs/Carbon fibers | Electrochemical | 0.45 fg/mL | 6.09 μA/(g/mL) | 1 fg/mL–1 μg/mL | Cortisol | Medical textile industry | Madhu et al. [70] |
RuO2 doped ZnO NPs | Electrochemical Amperometric | 96.0 ± 5.0 pM | 5.42 μA μM−1 cm−2 | 0.1 nM–0.01 mM | l-glutamic acid | Food safety | Alam et al. [71] |
ZnO quantum dots/BiOI nanoflower | Photoelectrochemical | 3.3 pM | – | 0.01- 500 nM | Histone acetyltransferase | Clinical applications | Chen et al. [72] |