Table 3 Selected recent biosensor studies based on graphene and its derivatives
From: An Overview on Recent Progress of Metal Oxide/Graphene/CNTs-Based Nanobiosensors
Nanomaterials and Morphology | Types of biosensors | LOD | Sensitivity | Linear detection range | Analyte detected | Applications | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rGO/Ni/ZnO NRs arrays | Electrochemical Amperometric | 0,15 µM | 2030 µA mM−1 cm−2 | 0.5 µM–1.11 mM | Glucose | Clinical applications | Mazaheri et al. [108] |
GO/MoS2 aerogel | Electrochemical | 0.29 mM | 3.36 µA/mM | 2–20 mM | Glucose | Clinical and nonclinical applications | Jeong et al. [109] |
Graphene flakes/Ni | Electrochemical | 1 µM | 2213 µA mM−1 cm−2 | 1–1150 µM | Glucose | Clinical diagnosis | Wu et al. [110] |
rGO/Au and Pt alloy NPs | Electrochemical | 5 µm | 48 µA/mM cm2 | 50 mV/s–150 mV/s | Glucose | Medical Textile Industry | Xuan et al. [111] |
GO | Optical Fiber | - | 0,24 nm/mM = 1,33 nm/(mg/ml) | - | Glucose | Bioengineering applications | Jiang et al. [112] |
rGO/Ni NPs/Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) | Electrochemical | 0.005 µM = 5 nm | 0.056 mAmM−1 | 0.15 µM-10 mM | Glucose | Clinical and nonclinical applications | Darvishi et al. [113] |
Chemically rGO | Electrochemical Amperometric | 5. 10−8 M | 0,0040 AM−1 | 1.5 × 10−7–3.0 × 10−6 M | H2O2 | Medical applications | Nieto et al. [114] |
GO/Ag/Au NPs | Electrochemical | 0,001 µg/ml | 0.084 µA m/cm2 µg/ml | 0.01 − 5000 μg/mL | Cholesterol | Clinical diagnosis | Huang et al. [115] |
Graphene/Poly Diphenylamine (PDPA)/Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) | Electrochemical Amperometric | 0.1 μM | 1.085 μA/μM cm2 | 1–13 μM | Urease | Electrocatalytic applications | Muthusankar et al. [116] |
Graphene/MoS2/TiO2/SiO2 layers | Surface plasmon resonance | - | 82.83 Deg-RIU−1 | - | Formalin | Food safety | Hossain et al. [117] |
N-Doped Graphene/Polyaniline (PANI)/DNA-Functionalized CNTs | Electrochemical | 14 nM | – | 0.02-1 μM | DA | Molecular diagnosis | Keteklahijani et al. [118] |
Monolayer graphene/Au NPs | Electrochemical | 0.1 nM | – | 0.0005–5000 μM | Glucose | Diabetes | Yuan et al. [119] |
NiO-N-doped carbon/rGO microspheres | Electrochemical | 70.9 nM | 4254μAmM−1 cm−2 | 0.5 μM − 20.0 μM | Glucose | Food analysis and clinical diagnosis | |
Ionic liquid-functionalized graphene/CNTs | Electrochemical | 3.99 × 10−7 mol/L | 53.89 μA mmol/L−1 cm−2 | 0.004–5 mmol/L | Glucose | Diabetes | Zou et al. [120] |
GO nanofibers/Cu nanoflower-decorated Au NPs | Electrochemical | 0.018 μM | – | 0.001–0.1 mM | Glucose | Clinical applications | Baek et al. [121] |
GO/NiO Films/Au NPs | Electrochemical | 7.64 µM | 57.16 mV/decade | 0.01 mM–100 mM | Urease | Clinical and nonclinical applications | Nien et al. [122] |
Thermally rGO | Electrochemical Amperometric | 0.02 mM | 2.3 ± 0.1 µA cm−2 mM−1 | 0.2–12.0 mM | Urease | Medical Technologies | Razumiene et al. [123] |
GNPs/graphitized nanodiamond | Electrochemical | 0.005 mg/mL | 806.3 μA(mg mL−1)−1 cm−2) | 0.1–0.9 mg/mL | Urease | Food analysis | Kumar et al. [124] |