Table 1 A list of research done on nanocarrier neurotoxicity studies using zebrafish
Sr. no | Nanoparticle | Study highlights | References |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Metal and metal oxide NPs | ||
Au | Relates the effects of gold nanoparticles on zebrafish development, movement and survival | ||
Ag | Provides detailed information on the toxicity and usage of silver nanoparticles | [75] | |
Cu | The study highlights the fact that Cu nanoparticles are extremely toxic to the zebrafish. The toxicity primarily affects the gills | [76] | |
Cd | Ventures into the use of cadmium nanoparticles into various commercial applications and assessing its toxicity using zebrafish | [77] | |
CuO | Provides extensive information of copper oxide nanoparticles on cytotoxic impact on zebrafish | [78] | |
MgO | Highlights the toxic effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on zebrafish | [79] | |
NiO | Reports on the potential chronic toxicity caused by nickel oxide nanoparticles and the negative impact on the aquatic population dynamics | [80] | |
ZnO | Brings to light the high toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on zebrafish development. Presses on the need for eco-toxic evaluation of these nanoparticles | ||
2 | Magnetic NPs | Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle exposure in adult zebrafish caused perturbations in neurotransmitter levels | [83] |
Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in brain of adult zebrafish alter acetylcholine esterase activity | [84] | ||
In this study toxicity of Iron oxide NPs on the aquatic environment has been studied extensively | [85] | ||
Study highlights the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticle on the developmental stages of zebrafish | [85] | ||
3 | Graphene oxide nanosheets | Unfolds new technique for evaluating toxicity of nanomaterials by the use of fluorescence | [86] |
4 | Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) | Reports on the extensive bioaccumulation and toxicity caused by plastic nanomaterials on the aquatic life | [87] |
5 | Plastic NPs | The study suggests plastic NPs cause abnormal locomotor ability in the zebrafish | [88] |
6 | Polymeric NPs and nanocapsules | Passage of the polymeric and PEGylated-PLA NP across the BBB and bioavailability in the brain was assessed in a zebrafish model | [89] |
Transport of PEGylated-PLA nanoparticles across the blood–brain barrier model, entry into neuronal cells and in vivo brain bioavailability | [90] | ||
Conjugated polymer NPs have been used for neuroimaging and assessing dopamine levels in the brains of zebrafish larvae | [91] | ||
7 | Exosomes | Exosomes derived from brain endothelial cells can be used to carry drug into the brain | [92] |
Exosomes were used to deliver siRNA in the zebrafish brain to treat brain cancer | [93] | ||
8 | Liposomes | This study highlights liposome-mediated drug delivery to regulate macrophage function in the zebrafish larvae | [94] |
Injecting drug loaded liposomes in the zebrafish larvae to deliver drug to the macrophage cells | [95] | ||
Injecting clodronate via liposomes to obtain macrophage clearance in the zebrafish model | [96] | ||
The study performed in zebrafish model allows prediction of nanoparticle cell interactions and persistence time in mice models | [97] | ||
This study highlights the use of zebrafish as screening model for liposome-mediated clearance of macrophage cells | [98] | ||
9 | Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) | The study reports the effect of zirconium-porphyrin metal–organic framework on zebrafish neurodevelopment | [99] |
Acute toxicity of Copper MOFs were analysed using zebrafish model | [100] | ||
This is an extensive comparative study of toxicity of sixteen uncoated MOFs in the zebrafish | [101] | ||
10 | Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) | Zebrafish exposed to single-walled CNTs were assessed for neurotoxicity in terms of change in levels of neurotransmitter, antioxidants, gene expression and biochemical responses | |
Developmental toxicity and biological response of multiwalled CNTs were studied in zebrafish embryos and larvae | [104] | ||
Biospectroscopy techniques were employed to study the effects of real-world CNPs exposed to zebrafish brain and gonads | [105] | ||
Perturbations in the metabolomic profile of zebrafish exposed to CNTs were studied | [106] | ||
Carbon NPs from diet have been found to cause genomic hypermethylation of the zebrafish brain | [107] | ||
11 | Quantum dots | Graphene oxide quantum dots inhibit neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae | [108] |
The potentials of transferrin conjugated carbon dots in crossing the BBB were analysed using the zebrafish model | [109] | ||
Quantum dots have been used as labelling agents in the zebrafish embryos | [110] |