Table 3 Successful application of nanocomposites for abiotic stress tolerance
From: Smart nanomaterial and nanocomposite with advanced agrochemical activities
Stress type | Nanoparticles | Plant species | Mode of application | Results | Key references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drought | TiO2 | L. usitatissimum L. | Foliar spray | Enhance chlorophyll and carotenoid content as well as lowers the activity of MDA and H2O2 | [204] |
TiO2 | T. aestivum L. c.v Pishtaz | Foliar spray | Enhance starch content, growth, and yield | [76] | |
TiO2 | T. aestivum L. | Amended soil | Increased seedling growth, antioxidant enzymes, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content | [205] | |
ZnO | G. max L. | Seed soaking | Enhance germination rate and percent germination | [119] | |
Fe2O3 | Mentha piperita L. | Hoagland solution | Increase activity of antioxidant enzymes | [206] | |
Cu | Z. mays L. | Plant priming | Improve plant biomass, chlorophyll, anthocyanins, and grain yield | [207] | |
CNTs, graphene | G. hirsutum L. | Seed priming | Increase seedling growth and biomass | [123] | |
Chitosan NPs | Hordeum vulgare L. | Foliar spray | Increase proline content, CAT and SOD | [208] | |
Salinity | Ag | Trigonella foenum-graecum | Seed soaking | Improve percent germination, fresh and dry weight of seedlings | [209] |
ZnO | Abelmoschus esculentus L. | Foliar spray | Increase activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and photosynthetic pigments | [210] | |
ZnO and Si | Mangifera indica L. | Foliar spray | Enhance nutrient uptake, carbon assimilation in plants | [211] | |
SiO2 | Solanum lycopersicum L. | Seed soaking | Upregulation of stress tolerance genes | [212] | |
SiO2 | Fragaria ananassa L. | Soil application | Enhance growth, proline, chlorophyll, epicuticular wax layer and leaf relative water content | [213] | |
SiO2 | Musa acuminate L. | Seed priming | Enhance chlorophyll content, shoot growth | [214] | |
Ag | T. aestivum L. | Seed priming | Enhance total soluble sugars, proline content, and peroxidase activity | [185] | |
Fe2O3 | Helianthus annuus L. | Foliar spray | Enhance dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll content | [215] | |
Fe2O3 | Dracocephalum moldavica L. | Foliar spray | Increase the enzymatic activity of guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase | [215] | |
Mn | C. annuum L. | Nanopriming | Improve plant growth | [216] | |
CeO | G. hirsutum L. | Seed priming | Improve root growth and decrease ROS level | [121] | |
CNTs, graphene | Catharanthus roseus L. | Murashige and Skoog medium | Enhance the number of leaves and flowers | [124] | |
Chitosan-PVA and CuNPs | S. lycopersicum L. | Nutrient solution | Enhance chlorophyll, carotenoids, and lycopene content | [122] | |
Heat | Ag | T. aestivum L. | Soil application | Promote the root number, seedling length, and leaf area | [127] |
Se | S. bicolor L. Moench | Foliar spray | Improve thylakoid membrane stability and activity of antioxidant enzymes | [217] | |
Heavy metal | Fe | T. aestivum L. | Soil application | Increase rate of photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and plant growth | [87] |
UV-B | Si | T. aestivum L. | Nutrient solution | Improve antioxidant defense system | [218] |
Cold | TiO2 | C. arietinum L. | Amended soil | Decrease MDA levels and electrolyte leakage index | [219] |
Flooding | Al2O3 | G. max L. | Seed soaking | Increased hypocotyl length, mitochondrial membrane proteins | [220] |