Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticles for Improved Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications: A Review

Table 1 Antimicrobial activities of AuNP loaded with some of the FDA-approved drugs

Drug	Drug type	Core sizes (nm)	Shape	Test microorganisms	Ref
Ciprofloxacin	Antibiotic	15	Gold silica nanoshells	E. coli DH5α Lactococcus lactis	[152]
Cefaclor	Antibiotic	23–52	Spheres	S. aureus E. coli	[149]
Lincomycin	Antibiotic			S. aureus S. pyogenes	[4]
Vancomycin	Antibiotic			Vancomycin-resistant strains (VRE)	[150]
Ampicilin	Antibiotic	1.43	Spheres assembled into rosette nanotube	S. aureus MRSA	[151]
Rifampicin	Antibiotic	28	Spheres	N/T	[153]
Kanamycin	Antibiotic	20	Spheres	Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis)	[21]
4,6-diamino-2-pyrimidinethiol (DAPT)	Inactive alone	5 / 16.57	Spheres	S. aureus E. coli P. aeruginosa E. coli infected mice	[13, 112]
5FU	Anti-leukemic drug	18	Spheres	Micrococcus luteus S. aureus P. aeruginosa E. coli Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus niger	[58]
Metformin	Anti-hyperglycemic drug	3.1		S. aureus E. coli P. aeruginosa	[13]