Table 3 Mesoporous silica (MSN) based anti-GBM drug delivery system
Drug | Composite | Modification | Detail | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Thymoquinone (TQ) [96] | TQ@CS/WA@MSN | Chitosan and stearic acid (CS) shell could associate with GBM cell. Whey protein and gum Arabic (WA) shell promoted the internalization | MTT assay was conducted for in vitro cytotoxicity assessment Apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were detected through Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry Caspase-3 activity and cytochrome-c quantitative analysis were performed | Controlled release of TQ in acid condition Selective cytotoxicity against GBM cells Caspase-3 activation and G2/M arrest in tumor cells |
Temozolomide (TMZ) [97] | TMZ@PDA@NGR@MSN | Polydopamine (PDA) and peptide Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) were designed to target GBM cells | CCK8 assay and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay were used to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity in C6 cells The cellular uptake was examined by inverted fluorescence microscope | Enhanced cellular uptake of NPs system Selective cytotoxicity against GBM cells Induced autophagy and apoptosis in C6 cells |
Doxorubicin [98] | DOX@CREKA @MSN | Fibronectin-targeting peptide CREKA enhanced selectivity | Vibration caused by external low-power radiofrequency (RF) field induced the drug release from MNS nanoparticle Orthotopic athymic nude mice were utilized to assess anti-GBM efficacy | Enhanced nanoparticle deposition in brain tumor Satisfactory anti-GBM efficacy in vivo |
Temozolomide [99] | TMZ@ R8-PNA@MSN | R8 peptide nucleic acids-octaarginine could inhibit miR221 | Cell viability assay and apoptosis analysis were conducted FACS and Fluorescence confocal microscopy were utilized to assess cellular uptake | Enhanced cellular uptake and anti-miR211 activity Increased apoptosis of T98 cells in vitro |
BSeC [100] | BSeC@cRGD@MSN | αVβ3-targeting cRGD peptide could interact with the endothelial cells on BBB and GBM cells | MTT assay was used to detect cell viability Cell cycle distribution was assessed by flow cytometry U87 spheroids and SD mice were utilized to evaluate the inhibitory effect | Enhanced BBB and spheroids penetration Selective cellular uptake and anti-tumor activity in vitro/vivo Activation of p53, AKT, MAPKs pathways |
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) [101] | ATO@ANG@PAA@MSN | Angiopep-2 could specifically target LPR on BBB surface Polyacrylic acid (PAA) was grafted for pH-sensitive release and supporting the lipid membrane | Cellular uptake and intracellular disposition were measured by flow cytometry and LSCM MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity HBMEC cells were seeded to assess BBB penetration In vivo bio-distribution and anti-tumor study were conducted in SD mice models | pH-responsive and sustained release of ATO Increased BBB transport, enhanced cytotoxicity and inhibition of G2-M transition Satisfactory in vivo bio-distribution and anti-tumor efficacy |