Table 4 Metal nanoparticle based anti-GBM drug delivery system
Drug | Composite | Modification | Detail | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Verapamil (VRP) [121] | VRP@BSA@AS1411@AgNP | Aptamer AS1411 could specifically bind to nucleolin on GBM cells and inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux activity | The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay in U251 cells Colony formation assay and tumor-bearing nude mice model were employed to examine the radiosensitizing potential | Increased accumulation and cytotoxicity in vitro/vivo Radiosensitizing effect of AgNP composite Decreased TrxR activity |
Cisplatin (Pt) [122] | Pt@si-GPX4@FA@IONP | Folate acid was applied as tumor targeting ligand | Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using the CCK-8 assay Lipid peroxidation levels were detected by MDA assay Superoxide anion levels were detected using DHE assay | Increased apoptosis and ferroptosis in U87MG cells Selective uptake of IONP Outstanding therapeutic effect in nude mice models |
Temozolomide [123] | TMZ@miR-100@antimiR-21@PEG-T7@GION | GBM cell-targeting T7 peptide was coated on GION shell | Cellular uptake was estimated by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by PI and TUNEL staining The GION system was administrated through intranasal method in nude mice model | Sensitized GBM cell to TMZ therapy Upregulated p53, PTEN, PDCD4 and Caspase-3 levels Satisfactory therapeutic outcome in vitro/vivo |
HAPtS [124] | HAPtS@CPTES@SPION | HAPtS was a synthetic derivative of Trans-resveratrol, acting as antioxidant | Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was conducted as antioxidant test Clonogenic survival, FDA and MTT assay were utilized to assess cytotoxicity | Enhanced cytotoxicity against C6 cells in vitro Damage on plasma membrane instead of mitochondrial metabolism |
Paclitaxel [125] | PTX@LinTT1@IONW | Tumor homing peptide LinTT1 peptide was a recently identified ligand of p32 | Cellular uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry The in vivo bio-distribution and therapeutic effect were assessed in nude mice model | Accumulation of IONW systems in tumor site Inhibited tumor growth in vivo |