Facile Green Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by Upcycling Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Pericarp Extract

Table 1 Detailed peak assignment of HR-XRD pattern (Fig. 4) of MeOH-TiO₂ NPs, EtOAc-TiO₂ NPs and Con-TiO₂ NPs

TiO₂ NPs	diffraction planes	MeOH-TiO₂ NPs		EtOAc-TiO₂ NPs		Con-TiO₂ NPs
Phase	hkl	2θ (˚)	size (nm)	2θ (˚)	size (nm)	2θ (˚)	size (nm)
Anatase	(101)	25.26	18.38	25.25	12.05	25.28	35.16
	(004)	37.82	8.85	37.82	9.31	37.76	30.91
	(200)	47.99	16.22	48.00	14.92	48.04	30.83
	(105)	54.16	11.02	53.95	13.99	53.86	30.72
	(211)	55.08	17.10	54.98	13.55	55.07	27.85
	(204)	62.67	13.56	62.66	10.87	62.70	28.08
	(116)	n.d	n.d	68.85	13.24	n.d	n.d
	(220)	70.04	15.84	70.20	12.12	70.32	26.12
Average			14.42 ± 3.45		12.50 ± 1.81		29.95 ± 2.94
Rutile	(110)	27.38	18.79	n.d	n.d	27.41	51.85
	(101)	36.04	16.14	n.d	n.d	36.05	46.25
	(111)	41.22	22.87	n.d	n.d	41.22	52.43
	(211)	n.d	n.d	n.d	n.d	54.31	35.60
	(220)	56.45	10.80	n.d	n.d	56.62	40.65
	(310)	n.d	n.d	n.d	n.d	64.03	61.96
	(301)	68.90	17.15	n.d	n.d	n.d	n.d
	(112)	n.d	n.d	n.d	n.d	69.78	39.39
Average			17.15 ± 4.38		n.d		46.88 ± 9.18