Fig. 3

The interaction between functionalized AuNRs and cells, and the multifunctional AuNRs nanoplatform composite structure. A Cells that were incubated with (a) pure culture media, (b) 20% PEG-capped AuNRs, (c) 40% PEG-capped AuNRs, (d) 100% PEG-capped AuNRs, (e) 100% CTAB-capped AuNRs and stained with fluorescein diacetate (FDA), (f) cytotoxicity of AuNRs in HCC cell line. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [54]. Copyright 2019, Wiley Online Library. B (a) Specific uptake by immortalized normal primary mouse hepatic stellate cells (GRX) of AuNRs-PEG (panels d–f) and AuNRs-PDGFRβ (panels g–i) determined by TPL means. Bright-field and TPL merged images are shown demonstrating intracellular localization of AuNRs taken up. (b) Quantification of TPL signals from GRX cells incubated without AuNRs, with AuNRs-PEG and with AuNRs-PDGFRβ. Six fields of each condition were imaged and averaged. Data mean ± SEM.* indicates statistical differences compared to control group, and # compared to AuNRs-PEG, with p < 0.0001. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [60]. Copyright 2021, ACS Publication. C Synthesis procedure of GNRs@PDA-PEG-DOX nanocomposites and its applications for tumor ablation. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [66]. Copyright 2019, ACS Publication