Fig. 1

a Schematic illustration of the preparation of CuNWs film, which used glucose as a reducing agent and HDA as a capping agent and adopted lactic acid to remove residual copper oxide and other organic chemicals. b Schematic illustration of the preparation of c-rGO/CuNWs and h-rGO/CuNWs films. c FESEM images of CuNWs, c-rGO/CuNWs, and h-rGO/NWs. The CuNWs exhibit an average diameter of 57.78 ± 9.18 nm and a length of > 10 μm. The CuNWs network cannot be completely covered by c-rGO layers, leading to invalid protection. In contrast, h-rGO can uniformly cover the CuNWs and increase the contact area between CuNWs