Figure 1From: Bio-nanopatterning of SurfacesSchematic representation of the different lithographic techniques employed to indirectly or directly immobilise biomolecules on surfaces at nanometre scale resolution. In the indirect approach, the nanopatterns created by the different lithographic techniques are used in a second stage (i.e. post-patterning process) as templates to immobilise the biomolecules on surfacesBack to article page