Bio-nanopatterning of Surfaces

Table 1 Summary of the biomolecules employed and highest resolution achieved so far with the different nanolithographic techniques

	Dip-pen nanolithography		Nanoshaving	Nanografting		Electron-beam lithography	Nanocontact printing
Patterned biomolecules	Indirect	Direct		Indirect	Direct
	DNA	DNA	Peptides	Proteins	DNA	DNA	Proteins
	Peptides	Peptides	Proteins		Proteins	Peptides
	Proteins	Proteins				Proteins
	Virus
Highest resolution	∼85 nm	30 nm	150 nm	10 nm	10 nm	30 nm	70 nm
Highest resolution	IgG protein dot features [73]	Collagen-like peptide lines [46]	IgG protein lines [98]	Lysozyme protein lines [103]	DNA lines [106]	Collagen protein lines [123]	Titin multimer protein lines [136]