Figure 3

Arrhenius plot of effective rates of thermal electron emission from the s- and p-states calculated on the basis of Eqs. 1–3. Parameters used in the calculations are given in Table 1. Numbers relate to regions of the plot in which electron emission is dominated by: (1) tunneling from the p-level to the conduction band (CB), (2) tunneling from the s-level to CB, (3) combined thermal transition from the s-level to the p-level and tunneling to CB, (4) two-step thermal transition from the s-level to CB via the p-level, (5) thermal transition from the p-level to CB. The Arrhenius plot calculated in terms of the probability for electron emission from the s- and p-energy distributions determined by dot size distributions is shown in (b)