Figure 9

ZnO NPs increase proinflammatory cytokine production in primary human peripheral blood cells. PBMC were left untreated or treated with varying concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mM) of 8-nm ZnO NPs, both alone and with the addition of exogenous IFN-γ (1,000 U/mL), for 38 h. Cytokine production was evaluated by ELISA and data analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA.Error bars depicting SE,n = 3.Asterisks denote statistically significant differences as defined asp < 0.05