Round-robin test on thermal conductivity measurement of ZnO nanofluids and comparison of experimental results with theoretical bounds

Table 1 Previous studies on EG/water-based ZnO nanofluids

Paper	Manufacturing method	Measurement method (Accuracy)	Base fluid	Surfactant	Comments
Kim et al. [38]	Two-step	THW (1%)	Water/EG	Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) of 0.05 M	Size dependence
Yu et al. [39]	Two-step	STHW (1%)	EG	-	No temperature dependence
Moosavi et al. [40]	Two-step	KD2 Pro (5%)	EG/glycerol	Ammonium citrate (dispersant:nanoparticle = 1:1 wt.%)	Temperature dependence
Raykar and Singh [41]	Two-step	THW	Water	3, 5, and 7 mL of acetylacetone (acac) is added in type I, II, and III solutions	Temperature dependence without low vol. %
Shen [42]	Commercial high-volume fraction dispersions in water with chemical dispersant (Nanophase)	THW	Water	Addition of chemical dispersants which is not disclosed by the company	Reverse size dependence
Vajjha and Das [43]	Commercial 50% dispersion in water (Alfa Aesar)	Commercial device based on steady-state method^a (2.45%)	EG:W (6:4 wt.%)	Dispersant not clear	Temperature and size dependence
Xie et al. [44]	Two-step	-	EG:W (45:55 vol.%)	-

^aExperimental Operating and Maintenance Procedures for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids and Gases Unit, P.A. Hilton Ltd., Hampshire, England. THW, transient hot wire, STHW, short transient hot wire, EG ethylene glycol.