Figure 1
From: Fabrication of complete titania nanoporous structures via electrochemical anodization of Ti
Schematic of fabrication process of obtaining TiO 2 nanotubes with nanoporous layer on top and complete titania nanoporous (TNP) structure via two-step anodization: (a) Ti-foil, (b) first anodization and formation of TNTs with oxide layer on top, (c) TNTs with clear top end, (d) Ti-substrate after separation of TNTs, (e) TNTs covered with thin nanoporous layer, (f) complete TNP structure with uniform and parallel nanochannels.