Anomalous heat transfer modes of nanofluids: a review based on statistical analysis

Table 8 Various experiments not falling into the previous categories

Paper Reference No	keff/kNF Convection	keff/kNF Convection/mixed	NP material	NP size, (nm unless specified)	BF material	F,(vol% unless specified)	T test, (K)	Experimental Apparatus Index No	Mechanism Index No	µ_NF/µBF	Flow Status	Effects of Gravity	PBHT	CHT	Notes
[53]	1.4	-	CNC	15	water	4.2 wt%	299	2	-	1.11	-	-	-	-	-
[22]	1.05	-	SiO₂	10	water	16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
[22]	1.08	-	SiO₂	15	water	16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
[22]	1.16	-	SiO₂	30	water	16	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
[49]	>1	>1	-	-	-	-	-	-	3,6,12	>1	-	-	-	-	theoretical investigation
[121]	-	>1	Al₂O₃	42.5	water	-	-	-	1,13	-	-	-	-	-
[126]	-	1.60	SiC	170	water	3.7	320	1	1,13	>1	2	-	-	-	lower viscosity rather than using Al2O3
[45]	-	1.01	Al₂O₃	150	EG	0.5	294	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	theoretical investigation
[45]	-	1.03	Al₂O₃	150	EG	0.5	300	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[45]	-	1.03	Al₂O₃	150	EG	0.5	309	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[45]	-	1.05	Al₂O₃	150	EG	0.5	324	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[45]	-	1.06	Al₂O₃	150	EG	2	300	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[45]	-	1.11	Al₂O₃	11	EG	1	294	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[45]	-	1.12	Al₂O₃	150	EG	3	300	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[45]	-	1.13	Al₂O₃	11	EG	1	309	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[45]	-	1.16	Al₂O₃	11	EG	1	324	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[45]	-	1.17	Al₂O₃	60	EG	2	300	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[45]	-	1.35	Al₂O₃	60	EG	5	300	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[58]	-	1.10	Al₂O₃	80	water	2	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[58]	-	1.15	Cu	100	water	2	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[58]	-	1.55	Cu	100	water	5	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
[86]	-	>1	Al₂O₃	20	water	2	-	5	1,9	-	-	-	>1	-	averaged values used. Thermosiphon experiment
[88]	-	>1	CuO	30	water	4	329	5	-	>1	2	-	-	-	-
[102]	-	-	Al	60	Ethanol	2	310	5	-	>1	-		>1	-	-
[89]	1.039539	>1	CuO	30	water	2	-	5	-	1.3	2	-	-	-	-
[89]	1.059308	>1	Al₂O₃	20	water	2.9	-	5	-	2.9	2	-	-	-	-
[89]	1.059308	>1	CuO	40	water	3	-	5	-	-	2	-	-	-	-
[89]	1.059308	>1	TiO₂	-	water	2.4	-	5	-	2	2	-	-	-	-
[89]	1.067545	>1	Al₂O₃	11	water	4	-	5	-	-	2	-	-	-	-
[89]	1.102142	>1	CuO	30	water	4	-	5	-	2	2	-	-	-	-
[89]	1.186161	>1	CuO	30	water	8	-	5	-	5.6	2	-	-	-	-