Table 1 The selective summary of the thermal conductivity enhancement in Al2O3-based nanofluids
Author (year) | Base fluid | Concentration | Particle size (nm) | Enhancement ratio | Method/parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masuda et al. [15] | Water (31.85°C) Water (46.85°C) Water (66.85°C) | 1.3 to 4.3 | 13 | 1.1092 to 1.324 1.10 to 1.296 1.092 to 1.262 | Two-step method Temperature effect |
Lee et al. [1] | Water Ethylene | 1.0 to 4.30 1.0 to 5.0 | 38.4 | 1.03 to 1.10 1.03 to 1.18 | Two-step method |
Wang et al. [8] | Water Ethylene glycol Engine oil Pump oil | 3.0 to 5.50 5.0 to 8.0 2.25 to 7.40 5.00 to 7.10 | 28 | 1.11 to 1.16 1.25 to 1.41 1.05 to 1.30 1.13 to 1.20 | Two-step method |
Eastman et al. [18] | Ethylene glycol | 1.00 to 5.00 | 35 | Two-step method | |
Xie et al. [16] | Water Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol Pump oil | 1.80 to 5.00 1.80 to 5.00 1.80 to 5.00 1.80 to 5.00 1.80 to 5.00 5.00 | 60.4 15 26 60.4 302 60.4 | 1.07 to 1.21 1.06 to 1.17 1.06 to 1.18 1.10 to 1.30 1.08 to 1.25 1.39 | Two-step method Solid crystalline Phase effect Morphology effect pH effect |
Xie et al. [16] | Water Ethylene glycol Pump oil Glycerol | 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 | 60.4 | 1.39 1.23 1.29 1.38 | Two-step method Base fluid effect |
Das et al. [7] | Water (21°C) Water (36°C) Water (51°C) | 1.00 to 4.00 | 38.4 | 1.02 to 1.09 | Two-step method Temperature effect |
Wen and Ding [24] | Water + sodium dodecyl benezene sulfonate | 0.19 to 1.59 | 42 | 1.01 to 1.10 | Two-step method |
Li and Peterson [13] | Water (27.5°C) Water (32.5°C) Water (34.7°C) | 2.00 to 10.00 | 36 | 1.08 to 1.11 1.15 to 1.22 1.18 to 1.29 | Two-step method Temperature effect |
Beck et al. [11] | EG (27°C) | 1.00 to 4.00 | 20 | 1.015 to 1.14 | Two-step method |
Hwang et al. [17] | Water | 0.3 to 1.0 | 48 | 1.013 to 1.04 | Two-step method |
Timofeeva et al. [14] | Water EG | 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 | 11 20 40 All sizes | 1.08 1.07 1.10 1.13 | Two-step method Temperature effect (296°C to 333°C) |
Lee et al. [19] | Water | 0.01 to 03 | 35 | 1.005 to 1.02 | Two step |
Murshed et al. [20] | Water EG CTAB | 1.0 0.5 1.0 | 80 150 80 80 | 1.03 to 1.12 1.02 to 1.10 1.03 to 1.09 1.06 to 1.12 | Two-step method Temperature range (21°C to 60°C) |
Choi et al. [12] | Transformer oil + oleic acid | 0.5 to 4.0 | 13 | 1.05 to 1.20 | Two-step method |
Oh et al. [23] | Water EG | 1.0 to 4.0 1.0 to 4.0 | 45 45 | 1.044 to 1.133 1.019 to 1.097 | Two-step method |
Kole et al. [25] | Car engine coolant | 3.5 | 50 | 1.1041 to 1.1125 | Two-step method Temperature effect (30°C to 80°C) |