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Table 1 The selective summary of the thermal conductivity enhancement in Al2O3-based nanofluids

From: Al2O3-based nanofluids: a review

Author (year)

Base fluid

Concentration

Particle size (nm)

Enhancement ratio

Method/parameters

Masuda et al. [15]

Water (31.85°C)

Water (46.85°C)

Water (66.85°C)

1.3 to 4.3

13

1.1092 to 1.324

1.10 to 1.296

1.092 to 1.262

Two-step method

Temperature effect

Lee et al. [1]

Water

Ethylene

1.0 to 4.30

1.0 to 5.0

38.4

1.03 to 1.10

1.03 to 1.18

Two-step method

Wang et al. [8]

Water

Ethylene glycol

Engine oil

Pump oil

3.0 to 5.50

5.0 to 8.0

2.25 to 7.40

5.00 to 7.10

28

1.11 to 1.16

1.25 to 1.41

1.05 to 1.30

1.13 to 1.20

Two-step method

Eastman et al. [18]

Ethylene glycol

1.00 to 5.00

35

 

Two-step method

Xie et al. [16]

Water

Ethylene glycol

Ethylene glycol

Ethylene glycol

Ethylene glycol

Pump oil

1.80 to 5.00

1.80 to 5.00

1.80 to 5.00

1.80 to 5.00

1.80 to 5.00

5.00

60.4

15

26

60.4

302

60.4

1.07 to 1.21

1.06 to 1.17

1.06 to 1.18

1.10 to 1.30

1.08 to 1.25

1.39

Two-step method

Solid crystalline

Phase effect

Morphology effect

pH effect

Xie et al.

[16]

Water

Ethylene glycol

Pump oil

Glycerol

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

60.4

1.39

1.23

1.29

1.38

Two-step method

Base fluid effect

Das et al. [7]

Water (21°C)

Water (36°C)

Water (51°C)

1.00 to 4.00

38.4

1.02 to 1.09

Two-step method

Temperature effect

Wen and Ding [24]

Water + sodium dodecyl benezene sulfonate

0.19 to 1.59

42

1.01 to 1.10

Two-step method

Li and Peterson [13]

Water (27.5°C)

Water (32.5°C)

Water (34.7°C)

2.00 to 10.00

36

1.08 to 1.11

1.15 to 1.22

1.18 to 1.29

Two-step method Temperature effect

Beck et al. [11]

EG (27°C)

1.00 to 4.00

20

1.015 to 1.14

Two-step method

Hwang et al. [17]

Water

0.3 to 1.0

48

1.013 to 1.04

Two-step method

Timofeeva et al. [14]

Water

EG

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

11

20

40

All sizes

1.08

1.07

1.10

1.13

Two-step method

Temperature effect

(296°C to 333°C)

Lee et al. [19]

Water

0.01 to 03

35

1.005 to 1.02

Two step

Murshed et al. [20]

Water

EG

CTAB

1.0

0.5

1.0

80

150

80

80

1.03 to 1.12

1.02 to 1.10

1.03 to 1.09

1.06 to 1.12

Two-step method

Temperature range (21°C to 60°C)

Choi et al. [12]

Transformer oil + oleic acid

0.5 to 4.0

13

1.05 to 1.20

Two-step method

Oh et al. [23]

Water

EG

1.0 to 4.0

1.0 to 4.0

45

45

1.044 to 1.133

1.019 to 1.097

Two-step method

Kole et al. [25]

Car engine coolant

3.5

50

1.1041 to 1.1125

Two-step method Temperature effect (30°C to 80°C)

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