Figure 6

Viscosity ( η ) vs. shear rate ($\dot{\mathbf{\gamma }}$) of EG/TiO ₂ nanofluids at different concentrations. Flow curves for ( a ) A-TiO₂/EG and ( b ) R-TiO₂/EG at 303.15 K and at different mass concentrations: cross mark, EG; line, 5 wt.%; circle, 10 wt.%; square, 15 wt.%; diamond, 20 wt.%; triangle, 25 wt.%. ( c ) Flow behavior index (n) vs. volume fraction (ϕ) for A-TiO₂/EG (filled diamond) and R-TiO₂/EG (empty diamond) at 303.15 K.