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Table 7 Variation in average Nusselt number and average skin friction coefficient with concentration at 317 K

From: Natural convection heat transfer of nanofluids along a vertical plate embedded in porous medium

Φ

Nuavg

Percentage increase in Nuavg at steady state

Cfavg (103)

Percentage increase in Cfavg at steady state

0

10.5850

-

3.6357

-

0.01

11.1776

5.60

3.6945

1.62

0.02

11.3780

7.49

3.7244

2.44

0.03

11.4590

8.26

3.7483

3.10

0.035

11.4674

8.34

3.7589

3.39

0.04

11.4576

8.24

3.7690

3.67

0.06

11.2646

6.42

3.8052

4.66

0.09

10.6124

0.26

3.8493

5.88

  1. ε = 0.72, diameter of Cu powder = 470 μm, length of plate = 0.04 m, permeability = 7 × 10−9, T (plate) = 317 K, d p  = 11 nm (Al2O3 + H2O).

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