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Table 8 Variation in average Nusselt number and average skin friction coefficient with concentration at 324 K

From: Natural convection heat transfer of nanofluids along a vertical plate embedded in porous medium

Φ

Nuavg

Percentage increase in Nuavg at steady state

Cfavg (103)

Percentage increase in Cfavg at steady state

0

11.7178

-

4.4865

-

0.01

12.6260

7.75

4.5904

2.32

0.02

12.9659

10.65

4.6463

3.56

0.04

13.1848

12.52

4.7330

5.49

0.05

13.1371

12.11

4.7711

6.34

0.06

13.0020

10.96

4.8076

7.16

0.09

12.1363

3.57

4.9109

9.46

  1. ε = 0.72, diameter of Cu powder = 470 μm, length of plate = 0.04 m, permeability = 7 × 10−9, T (plate) = 324 K, d p  = 11 nm (Al2O3 + H2O).

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