New nanostructured silica incorporated with isolated Ti material for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to fuels

Table 1 Comparison of the physical properties, bandgap energy of the synthesized materials, and methane production

Samples	N₂sorption			UV-vis		CH₄production comparison
Samples	S _BET	PV	APD	WL	BE	P	Reference
[Ti-K-6 (dried) (Si/Ti = 200)] calcined	865	1.11	6.55	-	-	-	-
[Ti-K-6 (dried) (Si/Ti = 100)] calcined	767	0.80	6.48	-	-	-	-
[Ti-K-6 (dried) (Si/Ti = 50)] calcined	730	0.67	6.45	-	-	-	-
KIT-6 (K-6) calcined	772	1.04	6.49	-	-	-	-
[Ti-K-6 (calcined) (Si/Ti = 200)] calcined	726	0.95	6.45	320	3.87	-	-
[Ti-K-6 (calcined) (Si/Ti = 100)] calcined	700	0.85	6.40	330	3.75	4.1	This work
[Ti-K-6 (calcined) (Si/Ti = 50)] calcined	684	0.73	6.41	372	3.33	-	-
Anatase TiO₂ powder	-	-	-	-	-	0.4	[18]
Aeroxide/degussa P25 TiO₂	-	-	-	-	-	0.6	This work
Titanium silicate (TS-1) zeolite	-	-	-	-	-	2.7	[16]
Ti-MCM-41	-	-	-	-	-	2.9	[16]

S_BET, BET specific surface area in m²/g; PV, cumulative pore volume in cm³/g; APD, average pore diameter in nm; WL, absorption edge wave length, λ, in nm; BE, bandgap energy in eV; P, production rate in μmol · g_cat.⁻¹ · h⁻¹).