Fig. 3

a BV-2 cells were incubated with increasing doses of C₆₀–COOH (10–100 μM) for 24 h, and the cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. b The effect of C₆₀–COOH on LPS-induced mitochondrial fragmentation. BV-2 cells transfected with DNA encoding DsRed2-mito were treated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 12 h in the presence or absence of with 50 μM C₆₀–COOH pretreatment for 6 h. Mitochondrial morphology was observed under a laser confocal microscope. Representative images are shown. Magnified views (fragments) are shown in insets. c Graphs present data from the analysis of mitochondria morphology using ImageJ software. The results are for at least 20 cells per condition in each experiment. d BV-2 cells were stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 6 or 12 h in the presence or absence of 50 μM C₆₀–COOH pretreatment for 6 h, then the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions were isolated and translocation of Drp1 was analyzed by western blotting using antibodies against Drp1. COX IV and β-actin were served as mitochondria and cytoplasmic markers, respectively. e The ratio of Drp1 expression in mitochondria and cytoplasm were performed by densitometric analysis. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, significantly different from LPS-treated control