Table 2 The morphology, dimension (diameter and length), valence band maximum (VBM) and band gap energy (E g) of ZnO, Zn0.99Cu0.01O and Zn0.99Mn0.01O samples annealed at 300 °C and 1200 °C for 24 h
From: Band Gap Narrowing and Widening of ZnO Nanostructures and Doped Materials
Samples | Temperature (°C) | Morphology | Average diameter (nm) | Average length (nm) | E g (eV) (±0.01) | VBM (eV) (FWHM = 0.5 eV) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZnO | 300 | Mixture of long nanorods and spherical shapes | 69.40 | 427.00 | 3.33 | 2.4 |
1200 | Spherical shapes | 4706.55 | NA | 3.19 | 1.9 | |
Zn0.99Cu0.01O | 300 | Mixture of long nanorods and spherical shapes | 69.38 | 342.01 | 3.29 | 2.5 |
1200 | Spherical shapes | 8027.82 | NA | 2.98 | 1.9 | |
Zn0.99Mn0.01O | 300 | Mixture of long nanorods and spherical shapes | 50.16 | 584.10 | 3.32 | 2.4 |
1200 | Spherical shapes | 4419.95 | NA | 2.44 | 2.6 |