Biodistribution of a High Dose of Diamond, Graphite, and Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles After Multiple Intraperitoneal Injections in Rats

Table 3 Mean biochemical parameters of blood serum from the control group and groups treated with diamond (DN), graphite (GN), and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles

	DN	GN	GO	Control	ANOVA
	DN	GN	GO	Control	P value
AST (IU/L)	353.7 ± 165.45	403.4 ± 169.31	363.4 ± 174.53	273.0 ± 193.34	0.861
ALT (IU/L)	89.0 ± 37.46	102.2 ± 43.10	113.5 ± 72.89	123.3 ± 70.19	0.763
ALP (IU/L)	183.1^a ± 42.44	285.1^b ± 61.57	182.8^a ± 25.74	175.5^a ± 25.08	0.000
Glucose (mg/dL)	145.7 ^b ± 32.89	138.1^b ± 19.78	144.4^b ± 24.59	218.8^a ± 56.77	0.003
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.36^a ± 0.205	0.29^b ± 0.147	0.49^a ± 0.098	0.54^a ± 0.100	0.023
BUN (mg/dL)	49.4 ± 4.37	55.3 ± 10.16	50.9 ± 5.16	53.2 ± 11.29	0.634
TP (g/L)	57.2 ± 3.06	55.3 ± 3.33	55.3 ± 5.57	59.0 ± 5.22	0.440
Albumin (g/L)	48.5 ± 4.04	48.2 ± 3.60	49.8 ± 5.27	49.8 ± 5.19	0.882
LDH (U/L)	1496 ± 420.7	1468 ± 313.3	1516 ± 297.3	1209 ± 463.5	0.481
TG (mg/dL)	135.4 ± 34.97	99.6 ± 30.18	117.1 ± 24.63	103.4 ± 26.48	0.175

The results are means of multiple determinations (n = 6) with ± standard deviation
^a,bValues with different superscripts are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05)
AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, TP total protein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, TG triglycerides