Serum Proteins Enhance Dispersion Stability and Influence the Cytotoxicity and Dosimetry of ZnO Nanoparticles in Suspension and Adherent Cancer Cell Models

Table 1 Delivered dose metrics

Stock dispersion in complete RPMI	Zeta potential (mV)	d _H (nm)	ρ _e (g/cm³)	96-well plate		24-well plate
Stock dispersion in complete RPMI	Zeta potential (mV)	d _H (nm)	ρ _e (g/cm³)	(L = 6.6 mm)		(L = 2.25 mm)
				α (h⁻¹)	t ₉₀ (h)	α (h⁻¹)	t ₉₀ (h)
Water	−16.1 ± 1.45	182.5	2.021	0.1453	15.6	0.4261	5.4
FBS/Water	−15.1 ± 0.81	185.1	1.692	0.2085	11.1	0.6116	3.8
FBS	−13.9 ± 0.40	185.5	1.464	0.3121	7.4	0.9154	2.5
PBS	−8.1 ± 1.93	663	1.879	0.0087	264.9	0.0255	90.3
FBS/PBS	−9.8 ± 2.08	322	1.743	0.0543	42.4	0.1593	14.5
RPMI	−14.7 ± 1.46	770.5	1.623	0.0087	263.8	0.0256	89.9
Complete RPMI	−13.6 ± 2.63	244.4	1.682	0.1116	20.6	0.3273	7.1

Delivered dose metrics: ρ _e is the agglomerate effective density (g/cm³); d _H is the hydrodynamic diameter (nm); L is the media height; α is the deposition fraction (h⁻¹); t ₉₀ is the time required for delivery of 90 % of administered dose (h); and α (h⁻¹) and t ₉₀ (h) values are designated for each well plate employed (96-well plate for suspension cells and 24-well plate for adherent cells)
FBS fetal bovine serum, PBS phosphate buffered saline, RPMI Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium