Hierarchical Nanoflowers on Nanograss Structure for a Non-wettable Surface and a SERS Substrate

Table 1 Wettability of the hierarchical nanoflower on nanograss surface

Liquids	Surface tension (mN/m)	CA (°) 7 μL droplet	CA (°) 1 μL droplet	CAH (°)
DI water	72.2	161.9	162.4	0.2
Glycerol	63.6	164.4	161.7	0.8
Ethylene glycol	47.1	150.1	141.6	2
Olive oil	32	146.2	143.7	8.8
8 % ethanol	50	161.7	160.7	1.1
16 % ethanol	40	161.2	161.1	1.7
25 % ethanol	35	155.8	154.6	2
35 % ethanol	33	152.7	141.1	6.4
45 % ethanol	29	145.9	134.2	12.4
55 % ethanol	27	132.2	123.2	15

Averaged CAs and CAHs of various liquids on hierarchical nanoflowers on nanograss structures