Fig. 5
Calculated surface area for the analyses of surface area of the PS-templated TiO2 and its comparison with the photovoltaic parameters. a Typical simulation results describing the distribution of 200-nm polystyrene-induced pores with the number variation of PS microspheres (PS vol. %) in 10 × 10 × 1 μm3, and the corresponding typical cross-sectional views. b Polystyrene-induced loss of total surface area (open squares), plotted with R s (series resistance) and R sh recom (recombination shunt resistance) from the experimental J-V curve, as extracted from the ideal one-diode model. (Simulated surface area is also compared to the experimental values from Ref. [15].)