Table 2 Curve fitting results for core-level binding energies of fabricated nanocomposites
Core-level | Bonding states | Binding energy (eV) | FWHM (eV) | Percentages of the component (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPy-rGO | S2p | C4H4S | 165.4 | 1.2 | 23.75 |
S–O– | 166.9 | 1.2 | 44.88 | ||
SO2 | 168.5 | 1.2 | 31.36 | ||
C1s | Carboxyl group | 282.4 | 1.3 | 20.81 | |
Steady peak position π-π interactions | 284.6 | 1.3 | 60.24 | ||
C–S/C=O/C=N/=C–NH+ bonds | 286.4 | 1.3 | 18.95 | ||
N1s | –NH– | 399.7 | 1.2 | 64.39 | |
=C–NH+– (polaron) | 400.9 | 1.2 | 20.46 | ||
=NH+– (bipolaron) | 402.1 | 1.2 | 15.15 | ||
O1s | C=O/S=O/O=C/HO–C bonds | 530.8 | 1.2 | 24.87 | |
C=O/O–C=O bonds | 531.6 | 1.2 | 32.52 | ||
O–C/C–O–C/COOH/C–OH/H2O bonds | 532.9 | 1.4 | 42.61 | ||
PPy-rGO-2 | S2p | C4H4S | 167.5 | 1.0 | 48.43 |
S–O– | 168.5 | 1.1 | 38.92 | ||
SO2 | 169.4 | 1.0 | 12.56 | ||
C1s | Carboxyl group | 284.2 | 1.2 | 41.81 | |
Steady peak position π-π interactions | 285.1 | 1.2 | 32.58 | ||
C–S/C=O/C=N/=C–NH+ bonds | 286.8 | 1.4 | 25.60 | ||
N1s | –NH– | 399.2 | 1.1 | 28.14 | |
=C–NH+– (polaron) | 400.0 | 1.1 | 50.24 | ||
=NH+– (bipolaron) | 401.4 | 1.1 | 21.62 | ||
O1s | C=O/S=O/O=C/HO–C bonds | 529.5 | 1.6 | 22.74 | |
C=O/O–C=O bonds | 530.9 | 1.9 | 47.96 | ||
O–C/C–O–C/COOH/C–OH/H2O bonds | 532.5 | 1.5 | 29.30 |