Fig. 1

Schematic plots of the simulated system. a Schematic plots of the initial system and the corresponding sectional view (cut by the plane represented by red dashed lines), in which the geometrical sizes are denoted. b Schematic plots (sectional view) of the compressed sintered product at different times, in which the planar indenter moves downwards with a constant velocity v. Here, the atoms in green, red, and blue are those in local FCC, hexagonal-close-packing (HCP), and body-centered-cubic (BCC) lattices, respectively, while disordered atoms in gray represent surfaces and dislocation cores. The planes bounded by solid lines represent six rigid walls