Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Distribution in TiO2 on the Optical and Electrical Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Table 1 Photovoltaic properties of DSSCs with and without GNPs of various sizes

Sample details	Jsc(mA/cm²)	Voc (V)	FF	η (%)
Reference DSSC (without Au nanoparticles)	2.20	0.74	0.75	1.2
Au 20 nm	2.80	0.70	0.65	1.3
Au 20 nm/SiO₂ 20 nm	2.74	0.73	0.73	1.5
Au 40 nm	2.99	0.73	0.75	1.6
Au 60 nm	3.18	0.74	0.75	1.8
Au 90 nm	2.69	0.74	0.75	1.5