A Comparative In Vivo Scrutiny of Biosynthesized Copper and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Intraperitoneal and Intravenous Administration Routes in Rats

Table 8 Biochemical assays for rat treated with Bio-CuNPs and Bio-ZnONPs through intraperitoneal and intravenous route of administration for 28th day of observation

Tests	Group I: Bio-CuNPs			Group II: Bio-ZnONPs			Control	Ref. range
Tests	NOAEC	IC₅₀	TLC	NOAEC	IC₅₀	TLC
S. creatinine
i/v	0.95 ± 0.073	1.7 ± 0.057	2.34 ± 0.035	0.7 ± 0.061	0.72 ± 0.059	0.8 ± 0.058	0.82 ± 0.062	0.7–1.4
i/p	0.9 ± 0.038	1.48 ± 0.093	1.52 ± 0.085	0.8 ± 0.079	0.92 ± 0.093	0.89 ± 0.062	0.93 ± 0.083	0.7–1.4
ALT
i/v	37.5 ± 1.82	46.8 ± 1.44	70.6 ± 2.73	22.1 ± 2.81	34.2 ± 3.98	40.7 ± 3.32	25.8 ± 2.64	0.0–40.0
i/p	35.8 ± 2.032	37.8 ± 3.93	41.6 ± 3.64	20.9 ± 0.067	22.8 ± 2.74	42.9 ± 4.32	30.9 ± 3.93	0.0–40.0
AST
i/v	28.2 ± 3.82	36.5 ± 5.16	84.7 ± 2.9	27.8 ± 5.44	32.7 ± 4.84	39.5 ± 4.8	27.8 ± 2.29	5.0–34.0
i/p	26.3 ± 3.83	28.2 ± 2.17	33.9 ± 4.82	28.3 ± .3.77	30.8 ± 3.51	38.7 ± 3.2	28.7 ± 0.063	5.0–34.0
ALP
i/v	73.7 ± 3.38	90.8 ± 2.63	128.7 ± 5.93	75.3 ± 3.83	80.6 ± 3.79	84.7 ± 3.7	72.8 ± 2.75	37–103
i/p	84.2 ± 4.84	100.2 ± 5.79	132.7 ± 3.36	74.7 ± 2.88	84.8 ± 4.68	98.8 ± 2.82	84.2 ± 3.68	37–103

All data are expressed in mean ± SD of the mean of the three independent experiments; each was carried out in triplicate, N = 6 rats per group
i/v intravenous route, i/p intraperitoneal route, NOAEC no observable adverse effect concentration, IC₅₀ inhibitory concentration, TLC total lethal concentration, S. Creatinine (mg/dl), ALT alanine aminotransferase (IU/L), AST aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L), ALP alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)