Fig. 5

SPIO coated with opposite charges affect the function of human DCs via the IL-1β pathway. a After pre-treatment by LPS for 3 h, human DCs were incubated with increasing concentrations of YVAD (1, 10, 25, and 50 μM), and then the supernatants were collected for an ELISA of IL-1β. b YVAD can inhibit the secretion of IL-1β from human DCs via SPIO/D⁻. SPIO/A⁺, and SPIO/D⁻ affect the DC cross-presentation influenced by IL-1β. c CD3⁺CD8⁺IFN-γ⁺ and d CD3⁺CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ T cells were analyzed by intracellular staining using FCS