Carbon Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water and Environmental Remediation

Baby, Rabia; Saifullah, Bullo; Hussein, Mohd Zobir

doi:10.1186/s11671-019-3167-8

Table 2 Effect of different parameters on the process of metal ion adsorption

From: Carbon Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water and Environmental Remediation

S. No	Adsorbent	Metal ions	Contact time in hours	Optimum pH for adsorption	Adsorption capacity (mg/g)/efficiency (%)	Reference
1	SWCNTs	Hg²⁺	1.50	7.94	41.66 mg/g	Alijani et al. 2018 [72]
2	SWCNTs-Fe₃O₄-CoS	Hg²⁺	0.11	5.26	1666 mg/g	Alijani et al. 2018 [72]
3	SWCNTs-polysulphone (membrane)	Cr ⁶⁺	Flux through membrane	2.6	96.8%	Gupta et al. 2015 [84]
		As ³⁺			87.6%
		Pb²⁺			94.2%
4	SWCNTs	Cr⁺⁶	1.00	2.5	2.35 mg/g	Dehghani et al. 2015 [85]
5	MWCNTs	Cr⁺⁶	1.00	2.5	1.26 mg/g	Dehghani et al. 2015 [85]
6	Functionalized MWCNTs	Pb²⁺	6.00	9.0	93%	Farghali et al. 2017 [91]
		Ni²⁺			83%
		Cu²⁺			78%
		Cd²⁺			15%
7	Functionalized MWCNTs	Cr³⁺	3.00	6.0	99.83%	Ahmad et al. 2015 [102]
8	Al₂O₃-MWCNTs	Pb²⁺	1.00	7.0	90%	Gupta et al. 2011 [103]
9	Fullerene (C6)	Cu²⁺	0.33	Not monitored	14.6 mmol/g	Alekseeva et al. 2016 [58]
10	Porous graphene	As ³⁺	1.00	7.0	90%	Tabish et al2018 [67]
11	rGO-Fe₃O₄	Pb²⁺	0.16	6.0	373.14 mg/g	Guo et al. 2018 [69]
12	Reduced GO-sulfophenylazo (rGOS)	Pb²⁺	0.16	5.0	689 mg/g	Zhang et al.2018 [116]
		Cu²⁺			59 mg/g
		Ni²⁺			66 mg/g
		Cd²⁺			267 mg/g
		Cr³⁺			191 mg/g
13	Tea polyphenols—rGO-ZnO	Pb²⁺	1.83	7.0	98.9%	Zheng et al. 2018 [118]
14	GO-Fe₃O₄	Pb²⁺	Not mentioned	6.1	126.6 mg/g	Mousavi et al. 2018 [119]
15	GO-iminodiacetic acid	Hg²⁺	3.33	5.0	230 mg/g	Awad et al.2018 [121]
16	GO-COOH	Hg²⁺	0.83	5.0	122 mg/g	Awad et al.2018 [121]
17	Activated carbon (from apricone)	Al³⁺	2.00	6.0	92.86%	Abeer et al. 2018 [126]
17	Activated carbon (from apricone)	Zn²⁺	2.00	6.5	93.88%	Abeer et al. 2018 [126]
18	Activated carbon (sewage sludge)	Cu²⁺	12.00	Not mentioned	50.6%	Ibrahim et al. 2018 [127]
19	Activated carbon (sewage sludge)	Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺	24	5.0	238.1 mg/g, 96.2 mg/g, 87.7 mg/g 52.4 mg/g	Li et al. 2018 [128]
20	Multipore activated carbon (long-root Eichhornia crassipes)	Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni^2+, Zn²⁺	2.50	6.0		Cao et al.2019 [129]
21	Spent activated carbon (AC)	Pb² Cd²⁺	2.00	8.0	95%	Dong et al. 2018 [130]
21	Spent activated carbon (AC)	Pb² Cd²⁺	2.00	8.0	86%	Dong et al. 2018 [130]
22	Commercial activated carbon	Cd²⁺ Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ Cu²⁺	0.25	Not mentioned	78.43%	M. Bali et al. 2018 [168]
			0.75		64.75%
			0.75		70.77%
			0.75		67.07

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