Fig. 4

Viability (%) was quantified according to the determined viable count of material-treated bacteria through a CFU assay conducted using short excitation with a TPE power of 211.2 nJ pixel⁻¹ with 800 scans (approximately 3.2621 s of total effective exposure time; Ex, 760 nm) to deliver a dose of a, b 3 or c, d 6 μg mL⁻¹. Delivered dose, OD600 0.05 of E. coli. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 6). For C₆₀(OH)₄₆- and C₆₀(OH)₂₁-treated E. coli with photoexcitation, ap < 0.001 and p = 0.662, bp < 0.001 and p = 0.658, cp < 0.001 and p < 0.001, and dp < 0.001 and p < 0.001. *p value obtained by Student’s t test