Fig. 6
Images obtained after laser photoexcitation exposure (211.2 nJ pixel−1) with 800 scans (approximately 3.2621 s of total effective exposure time; Ex, 760 nm) of a, b material-treated bacteria. The Live/Dead kit was used to stain bacteria before images were obtained. Scale bar, 50 μm. c Viability (%) determination results. Delivered dose, OD600 ~ 0.05 of E. coli and 3 μg mL−1 water-soluble fullerenol C60(OH)46. For the percentages alive and dead, p < 0.001. *p value obtained using Student’s t test. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6)