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Table 2 The amount of ROS generated [23, 29, 33,34,35, 49,50,51,52,53,54,55] from by a TPE (211.2 nJ pixel−1, 800 scans; Ex, 760 nm) to water-soluble fullerenol-treated E coli. (3 or 6 μg mL−1) was conducted in the dark and monitored. Data are means ± SD (n = 6)

From: Water-Soluble Fullerenol with Hydroxyl Group Dependence for Efficient Two-Photon Excited Photodynamic Inactivation of Infectious Microbes

 

1O2 (by SOSG)c

Negative controlac

ROS neutralizationabc

Positive controlcd

C60(OH)46

ROS neutralizationbc

C60(OH)21

ROS neutralizationbc

3 μg mL−1

33 ± 12

234 ± 12

2835 ± 135

2581 ± 115

233 ± 11

2235 ± 104

234 ± 10

6 μg mL−1

232 ± 11

233 ± 10

2841 ± 148

2626 ± 118

232 ± 13

2276 ± 109

232 ± 12

 

1O2 (by t-MVP)e

Negative controlae

ROS neutralizationabe

Positive controlde

C60(OH)46

ROS neutralizationbe

C60(OH)21

ROS neutralizationbe

3 μg mL−1

340 ± 21

341 ± 22

9301 ± 228

8865 ± 199

340 ± 20

8547 ± 165

341 ± 21

6 μg mL−1

341 ± 20

339 ± 23

9316 ± 231

8942 ± 208

339 ± 18

8619 ± 172

340 ± 19

 

O2˙− (by XTT)f

Negative controlaf

ROS neutralizationabf

Positive controldf

C60(OH)46

ROS neutralizationbf

C60(OH)21

ROS neutralizationbf

3 μg mL−1

0

0

1.95 ± 0.15

1.86 ± 0.10

0.03 ± 0.01

1.77 ± 0.08

0.02 ± 0.01

6 μg mL−1

0

0

1.99 ± 0.17

1.90 ± 0.11

0.03 ± 0.02

1.81 ± 0.08

0.02 ± 0.02

 

O2˙− (by GSH)g

Negative controlag

ROS neutralizationabg

Positive controldg

C60(OH)46

ROS neutralizationbg

C60(OH)21

ROS neutralizationbg

3 μg mL−1

0

0

98.9 ± 4.3%

84.6 ± 3.4%

0.3 ± 0.1%

76.7 ± 3.2%

0.2 ± 0.1%

6 μg mL−1

0

0

99.4 ± 4.7%

88.2 ± 3.7%

0.2 ± 0.1%

80.4 ± 3.6%

0.1 ± 0.1%

  1. aNegative control: only treat reagent and laser radiation without material (0 μg mL−1)
  2. bROS neutralization: with the treatments of nanomaterial, the laser irradiation and 30 ppm of antioxidant α-Tocopherol/methyl linoleate
  3. cSOSG reagent (Ex/Em, 488/525 nm) has a specific reactivity to generate fluorescence recorded by a PL spectrometer
  4. dPositive control: the treatment of 50 μM tert-butyl hydroperoxide and laser irradiation
  5. et-MVP (Ex/Em, 352/465 nm) can react with 1O2, forming a dioxetane intermediate that generates fluorescence upon decomposition to 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde, and monitored by a PL spectrometer
  6. fXTT would interact with O2.− and produce the XTT-formazan generating strong absorption (470 nm in wavelength)
  7. gGSH containing a thiol-tripeptide can prevent damages to cellular or bacterial components caused by stress of oxidation. Thiol group from GSH can be oxidized to disulfide bond converting GSH to glutathione disulfide. GSH oxidation was used to determine the generated O2.−. Loss of GSH (%) = (absorbance difference between sample and negative control/absorbance of negative control) × 100%
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