Reactive Oxygen Species-Related Nanoparticle Toxicity in the Biomedical Field

Yu, Zhongjie; Li, Qi; Wang, Jing; Yu, Yali; Wang, Yin; Zhou, Qihui; Li, Peifeng

doi:10.1186/s11671-020-03344-7

Table 1 NPs played their biologic role by inducing ROS burst in cells

From: Reactive Oxygen Species-Related Nanoparticle Toxicity in the Biomedical Field

No.	Type of NPs	Potential applications	ROS	Dose	Molecule mechanism of biotoxicity	References
1	Nano-C60	Antibacterial agents, Anticancer agents.	↑	1 μg/mL	Necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, DNA fragmentation, cell membrane damage.	[26,27,28]
2	Carbon-based nanodots	Antibacterial agents.	↑	> 1 mg/mL	Oxidize the phospholipids, destroy the membranes.	[29]
3	Ag	Antibacterial agents.	↑	150 μg/mL	Intracellular oxidation, membrane potential variation, membrane permeability disruption, DNA damage, genomic instability, cell cycle arrest, cellular contents release, inactivate proteins, autophagy, disturb electron transfer process.	[30,31,32,33,34,35,36]
4	Gold-silver nanocage	Antibacterial agents.	↑	2.5 μg/mL	Destruction of cell membrane, apoptosis.	[37]
5	ZnO	Wastewater purification, antibacterial agents, antitumor agents, fillers in orthopedic, and dental implants.	↑	20 μg/mL	Disintegration the cell membrane, inhibition enzyme activity, inhibition DNA synthesis, DNA damage, interruption of energy transduction, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, intracellular outflow, mitotic arrest, carcinogenic.	[38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45]
6	Gold	Anticancer agents, antibacterial agents.	↑	20 μM	Collapse membrane potential, inhibit ATPase activities, inhibit the subunit of ribosome.	[46, 47]
7	MgO	Antibacterial agents, anticancer agents.	↑	100 mg/mL	Lipid peroxidation, apoptosis.	[48, 49]
8	Fe₃O₄	Antibacterial agents.	↑	32 μg/mL	DNA cleavage.	[50]
9	CdSe	Antibacterial agents.	↑		Inhibition proliferation.	[51]
10	TiO₂	Antimicrobial agents, air and water purification, dental prosthesis.	↑	10 μg/mL	Loss respiratory activity, interfere oxidative phosphorylation, DNA lesions, mitochondrial dysfunction, carcinogenicity.	[52,53,54,55,56,57]
11	Al₂O₃	Antibacterial agents, cross-linker.	↑	0.16 mg/L	DNA damage, mutagenesis.	[58, 59]
12	VO₂	Antimicrobial agents.	↑	2.5 μg/mL	Mitochondrial dysfunction apoptosis.	[60, 61]
13	V₂O₅	Antimicrobial agents.	↑	20 mg/L	Interruption mitochondrial function.	[62, 63]
14	PCAE	Antimicrobial agents.	↑	30 μg/mL	Membrane damages.	[64]
15	Co-ZnO	Antimicrobial agents.	↑	20 μg/mL	Low toxicity.	[65]
16	Hybrid Gold/Polymer	Antimicrobial agents.	Unknown	Unknown	No cytotoxicity.	[66]
17	Ag-Fe NPs	Antimicrobial agents.	↑	100 mg/L	LDH release, disruption membrane integrity.	[67]
18	Phycocyanin-ZnO nanorod	Protect cell.	↓	50 μg/mL	Decrease in ROS production.	[68]
19	Ag/lyz-Mt	Antimicrobial agents, water disinfection.	↑	160 μg/mL	Damage cell membrane.	[69]
20	PEGylated ZnO	Antimicrobial agents, biological labeling.	↑	45 ppm	Low cytotoxicity.	[70]
21	CdS NPs	Antimicrobial agents.	↑	4 μg/mL	Inhibition proper cell septum formation, change morphology, fragment nuclei.	[71]
22	CdTe	Antimicrobial agents.	↑	0.4 mg/L	Morphological damages, apoptosis, genotoxicity.	[72]
23	ZnO@APTMS/Cu QDs	Antibacterial agents.	↑	1.4 × 10^-4 M	Inhibition proliferation.	[73]
24	CuO	Antimicrobial agents.	↑	5 mg/L	Increase cell permeability, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, morphological alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, interruption ATP synthesis.	[74,75,76]
25	Mn₃O₄	Antioxidant.	↓	20 ng/μL	Protect biomolecules against ROS.	[77]
26	PEGylated nanoceria	Antioxidant.	↓	10 μM	Cell protection, radical scavenger.	[78]
27	CeO₂	Against oxidative damage.	↓	2.5 μg/mL	Suppressed ROS production, protect cells, and tissues.	[79]
28	AuNPs-rGO-NC	Anticancer agents, antimicrobial agents.	↑	50 μg/mL	Reduction cell activity,	[80]
29	CONPs	Anticancer agents.	↑	10 μM	DNA damage.	[81]
30	Graphene	Cancer theotherapy, bioimaging, biosensing.	↑	25 μg/mL	DNA damage, mutagenesis.	[82, 83]
31	Fe₂O₃	Antibacterial agents.	↑	80 μg/mL	DNA damage.	[84]
32	NiO	Antibacterial agents.	↑	10 mg/L	DNA damage.	[85, 86]
33	PtAuNRs	Anticancer agents.	↓	OD at 0.5	Induce hyperthermia.	[87]
34	SWCNTs	Clinical diagnostic agent, bioengineered research.	↑	50 μg/cm²	DNA damage.	[88]
35	bsCdS	Anticancer agents.	↑	15 μg/mL	Apoptosis, depletion ATP, DNA damage.	[89]
36	Ag@OTV	Against H1N1 infection.	↓	Unknown	Less cytotoxicity.	[90]
37	PATA3-C4@CuS	Antibacterial agents.	↑	5.5 μg/mL	Less cytotoxicity.	[91]

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