Table 3 Typical NPs platforms used in drug delivery
From: Nanoparticles: A New Approach to Upgrade Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Agent of NPs | Vehicle | Size (nm) | Characters | Effects | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DNA and RNA | Exosomes | 30–100 | Small size, cellular origin, flexibility to incorporate macromolecules | Carrier for DNA, RNA and micro-RNA Cross-stringent biological barriers, such as the blood–brain barrier | [52] |
DOX | Polymer-lipid encapsulated manganese dioxide | 170 | Bioreactive and multifunctional | Downregulate TME-associated drug resistance and immunosuppression Enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy and boosting antitumor immunity | [53] |
5-FU | Au-NPs/chitosan | 100–400 | Natural cationic, biodegradable and biocompatible | Enhance the curative effect for hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) | [54] |
Tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Trp2) peptide | Layered double hydroxide (LDH) NPs | 140–150 | Provoking strong cell-mediated immune responses | Adjuvant multiple tumor-associated antigen peptides | [55] |
Cisplatin; ICG | PLGA | 90–100 | Folate targeting Controlled drug release | Promoting the apoptosis of McF-7 tumor cells NIR sensitivity | [56] |
IL-2 | PEGylated liposomes with anti-CD137 | 80 | Complete absence of systemic toxicity | Inducing intratumoural immune responses Initial anti-tumor activity | [57] |
FA | Magnetic mesoporous silica | 213 | PH-sensitive drug release | Inhibiting proliferation of HeLa cell lines higher cytotoxicity effect | [58] |
PTX | Peptide H7K(R2)2-modifiediron oxide NPs | 168.3 ± 2.80 | few side-effects | Excellent MRI imaging Inhibiting tumor growth | [59] |
siRNA | RGDfC-SeNPs | 150 | No toxicity Multiple tumor targeting | Carrier for siRNA Inhibiting tumor cells proliferate Promoting the generation of ROS | [60] |