Fig. 2

Electrochemical performances of Li||Cu and Li||Li symmetric batteries. a CE curves and b corresponding voltage curves. c Voltage–time profiles of the Li||Li symmetric batteries using Li-MMT@PP or PP separator at 1 mA cm⁻² with a capacity of 1 mAh cm⁻². d Voltage hysteresis of Li||Li symmetric batteries. e, f The partial enlargement profiles of c. g The rate performances of Li||Li symmetric batteries