Green and Cost-Effective Synthesis of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles: A Review on the Synthesis Methodologies, Mechanism of Formation, and Their Potential Applications

Table 3 Photocatalytic activity of SnO₂ NPs synthesized using various biological entities

Source used for SnO₂ NPs synthesis	Dyes used for analysis	Size of NPs (nm)	Time (min)	Degradation (%)	Ref
Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytrs	Methylene blue	3.6–6.3	180	92	[52]
Calotropis gigantea	Methyl orange	35	180	80	[62]
Catunaregam spinosa	Congo red	47	20	92	[57]
Persia Americana	Phenolsulfonphthalein	4	120	100	[68]
E. herbicola	Methylene blue	10–42	120	93.3	[54]
	Erichrome black T		120	97.8	[54]
	Methyl orange		120	94.0	[54]
Tyrosine	Violet 4BSN	15–20	30	100	[85]
L-lysine	Malachite green oxalate	4	120	97.5	[84]
L-lysine	Victoria blue B	4	120	98	[84]
Arginine	Methylene blue	4–5	240	94	[81]
Glucose	Methyl orange	50	30	100	[107]