Fig. 2

a Temperature increase versus irradiation duration curves of H₂O, MnO₂ (100 μg mL⁻¹), and MnO₂@PDA (100 μg mL⁻¹) at irradiation with an 808 nm laser (2 W cm⁻²). b Temperature increase versus irradiation duration curves of MSCPF at different doses (50, 100, 200 μg mL⁻¹) at power density of 1.5 W cm⁻². c Temperature increase versus irradiation duration curves of MSCPF (200 μg/mL) at different power density (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 W cm⁻²). d Heating/cooling profiles of MSCPF after five on–off laser irradiation cycles (808 nm, 1.5 W/cm²). e Linear data of cooling time versus driving force temperature for MSCPF, with calculated PCEs of 52.64%. f Triggered release profiles of SOR from MnO₂-SOR, or MnO₂-SOR @PDA in Tris–HCl solution containing 5% Tween 80 and 100 μM H₂O₂ (pH 5.5). g Schematic diagram of singlet oxygen produced by MnO₂. (h) ROS production profiles of PBS, MnO₂, Ce6, MSCP, Ce6 + H₂O₂, MSCP + H₂O₂ under laser irradiation (660 nm, 500mW cm⁻²) measured by UV–vis with 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis(methylene) dimalonic acid (ABDA) as a ROS probe